Has it really been six years since my family and I uprooted
ourselves from our lives in Copenhagen and moved lock, stock and barrel to
Cornwall, down here at the far south western tip of the UK? How time flies.
Just before that move I wrote a post on this blog entitled
Staring
at the Sea in which I outlined my reasons for making it. Having
re-read it the other day the thought naturally occurred to me to measure up the
reality against the expectations, to see what I got right and what I got wrong.
In terms of a short summary: I’d been living in Copenhagen,
Denmark, for about 12 years, with a three year gap in the middle where I tried
my hand at running a newspaper and living off the grid in rural Spain. Having
learned about the crisis of industrial civilisation in about 2009 I decided to
try and do something to put my family and myself in a better place. And so we
sold up and bought a fixer-upper house in a smallish market town in a rural
area. I also bought a seven-acre woodland and taught myself permaculture and
woodland management skills.
Generally speaking, it has to be said, I’m still pretty
happy that the move was the right thing to do. Of course, industrial
civilisation hasn’t hit the skids in the big cataclysmic fashion so many peak
oilers were saying it would a decade ago … but few people could have predicted
the extent to which governments and the financial system so willingly threw the
future under a bus just to salvage a few more years of ‘normality’ – a
normality with a short shelf life.
Anyway, in terms of moving back to the UK, which is where
I’m from anyway, seemed like a reasonable move, all other things considered. After
all, there’s no perfect ‘away’ in our globalised world, and if there were it’d
soon be overrun with bunker-building billionaires and other dangerous mega-fauna.
So, revisiting my post, which by the way is my most-read
post ever, how does it stack up six years down the road?
In terms of energy, six years ago I wrote:
The UK doesn’t
really have a coherent energy policy. Sweeping pronouncements are periodically
made by ministers but these usually run into problems before anything is
implemented. With the windfall from oil and natural gas now winding down
serious problems are now on the horizon and rolling blackouts are likely by
2015/16, according to no less an authority than the UK energy regulator Ofgem. The country has several
ageing nuclear reactors and there is a strong nuclear lobby that favours
building more, despite robust public opposition.
Yep, nothing to add there other than the fact that Ofgem obviously
got the rolling blackouts dead wrong, partially due to a massive increase in
wind power capacity (literally the only thing keeping the lights on during one
storm last winter). Oil and gas is still coming out of the ground, albeit in
ever decreasing quantities, and almost nothing has been added in terms of
nuclear energy. In fact, companies are pulling out of building new nuclear
power stations in the UK, and there have been warnings of ‘the lights going
out’ yet again just in the past few weeks.
One thing that has kept the lights on have been shipments of
liquid natural gas from the US and Qatar. America’s fracking bonanza – financed by Wall
Street despite its huge costs and inability to turn a profit – has benefitted
the UK. This no doubt won’t last much longer, however, with all the sweet spots
drilled out and an environment of rising interest rates it can only be a matter
of time before the shale ‘revolution’ comes to a grinding halt.
 |
| LNG tanker leaving Qatar - heading to the UK where it will be used to make electricity so I can write 22BillionEnergySlaves |
By contrast Britain’s own fracking ‘revolution’ was dead
before it was even born – for a number of reasons that would be obvious even to
a bright four-year-old.
Transportation. Neither the UK nor Denmark are particularly large countries
with land masses of 94,060 and 16,562 square miles respectively. Both have
excellent transport links, with numerous roads, functioning rail lines and
seaports. Denmark, famously, has an excellent infrastructure for cycling owing
to policy decisions made after the 1970s’ oil shocks, and its relatively flat
topography. At the city level around half of all trips are made on two
wheels.
The UK is considerably less cycle friendly as the powerful
motoring lobby has very effectively made sure that money is funnelled into road
projects suited to cars rather than bicycles, and local councils have haphazardly
implemented cycling infrastructure that in most cases doesn’t connect.
I have done some cycling since moving
here, but it’s a very dangerous pursuit and was even worse than I expected. I
even sold the cargo
bike I used to ride in Copenhagen – it would just be too dangerous. The
main reason, I think, is a kind of culture war between cyclists and drivers.
There is a very aggressive attitude displayed by many car drivers, with the
assumption that cyclists are some kind of self-identifying tribe of eco
warriors. This doesn’t make for safe conditions for cyclists and I generally
have to drive a car everywhere as a result.
Still, on a wider level, the train
network is still pretty good, despite under investment by private companies,
and the trains themselves are amongst the best I’ve been on anywhere in the
world. I probably wouldn’t have such positive thoughts about them if I had to
commute to work every day, however – with the rail network not enjoying such a
high level of government subsidies as roads and cars, ticket prices have risen
astronomically for peak travel times and people are often crammed in like
sardines.
 |
| Getting on one of the fancy new trains at Bristol |
Food security. Neither Denmark nor the UK has much in the way of food
security. At present both countries rely on very long supply chains and
just-in-time delivery systems to get food into shops. If both countries had to rely
solely on what was available to them from their own soils and seas then mass
starvation would quickly ensue. The last time Britain was tested in this
respect was during the Second World War, when a mass mobilisation of the
population to grow food just about managed to feed the nation (although many
were away fighting in other countries). Then, there were around 30 million
residents, whereas today there are over 63 million (Denmark has about a tenth
of that number). Furthermore, it must be assumed that 70 years of mechanised
farming has considerably reduced the capacity of the soils to grow food, and
relentless overfishing has reduced fish stocks drastically as well. In terms of
wild game, there is not much that would survive more than a few short years if
the population was in a state of extreme hunger and short term crisis
management.
The one bright spot in this otherwise dismal picture is the rise
of organic farming and local food networks. These have grown enormously in
recent years as people put less trust in the corporately-controlled food web
and opt instead to eat more local and more healthily.
Denmark, similarly, has a food problem. Despite a much lower
population, the relatively fertile soils cannot yield the heavily meat-based
diet to which Danes have become used to. Technically, we are told, Denmark is a
net food exporter, but in my local supermarket the only things I can find that
are grown here are potatoes and apples, so I’m guessing that there is some
statistical figure fiddling going on there.
We’ll probably get to find out more
about food security in the coming months as Britain is due to leave the EU next
month and the news sites are falling over themselves to insist that we will be
hit by everything from a scarcity of Mars Bars to all-out famine.
I doubt this will be so but it’s
sensible to take precautions whatever the case and since moving here I’ve been
getting a lot of food from a local organic farm, and have even done voluntary
work for them. I’ve also been growing food and have planted up an orchard and a
forest garden. I’ve taught myself to shoot and prepare small game and have
learned to forage in the wild areas around the abundant shorelines here. I’ve
also got a sea fishing kayak and a range of friends who produce things like
honey and cider: in short, I don’t lose sleep over not having enough food,
although I do worry about other people who are inadequately prepared.
Governance and
society. There are clear differences between the UK and Denmark when it comes to
governance. For historical and cultural reasons Denmark is governed fairly well
and the UK is governed not quite so well atrociously. Both are [supposedly]
democratic societies hung on the framework
of a monarchy, with the royals enjoying almost universal adoration in Denmark,
as opposed to ‘only’ 82% in the UK [2019 edit: these number have changed since
then, with the royals enjoying considerably
less support in 2018]. Both countries have coalition governments, although
only Denmark has radical factions representing parties founded on both Marxism
and ultra-nationalism enjoying power.
Denmark is
characterised by its homogenous native population and has sometimes been
described as ‘more of a tribe than a nation’.
There are few social strata within Denmark’s famously classless society
(although I would question this assumption) and politicians must appease the
entire nation, rather than one particular power group within it, and are held
accountable as such. The social contract in Denmark is very strong and rigid
and has been aptly described by the half-Norwegian novelist Aksel Sandemose as
the ‘Jantelov’
– a set of unwritten codes of conservative behaviour by which Danish people
unwittingly live out their lives. The codas are effectively
anti-individualistic in nature, requiring that the common man or woman suppress
their own personal desires and ego for the common good of the state.
The other side of the
bargain is that rulers (political and monarchical) must be trusted to ensure
the stability and survival of the state. Any digression from this bond of trust
is treated with public opprobrium. As a result, Denmark has a very progressive
tax system and it is said that ‘nobody is poor and nobody is rich’. This might
be a bit of an exaggeration, but the fact remains that allowing everyone to
enjoy a comfortable middle class lifestyle, while enviable to liberals from
less progressive countries, nevertheless rests on the assumption that there
will be a continued abundance of cheap fossil fuels and favourable trade deals
with poorer nations. In other words, it can’t last.
The UK, by contrast,
has something of a vicious class war elite versus everyone else war going on. Although the old system
of inherited caste privilege is dying out, a new breed of ultra-wealthy people
sit at the top of the ladder and use the resources of the poor to further
advance their wealth advantage, and in doing so hollow out the core of society
and make it more prone to social upheavals. At the centre of this black hole is
the hyper-power known as the City of London (not to be confused with the actual
physical city of London), a vast Ponzi scheme that holds a large amount
of power over the government. The City, which enjoys very little regulation, is
said to be ‘too big to fail’ although its activities have caused the UK economy
to be hugely unbalanced in favour of unproductive financial derivatives at the
expense of the ‘real’ economy of goods and useful services.
I pasted this section almost in full. This has been the one
area that has really been of concern over the past few years. In the UK we now
have a government and media that openly lies about things and engages in
endless propaganda. It seems, for example, that we are being ordered to hate
Russia – and the lamentable Skripal affair – which has more holes in it than a
Swiss cheese – is proof, if ever it were needed, that there is not a shred of
honesty or decency left in the political class.
Incidentally, I’ve never met anyone who actually believes
any of the stuff they put out, so it’s a bit like the situation in the last
days of the Soviet Union where people listen to the news not to get the news,
but to discover what the latest line is. ‘Nuff said.
 |
| George Orwell's Ingsoc from 1984: when it comes to the UK media, ignorance is strength |
I then made a few points about housing, geopolitics and
climate change, and don’t have much to add to them, before getting onto
population. I wrote:
…’food’ both the UK and Denmark will eventually have to severely
reduce numbers in order to live off the planet’s natural income as opposed to
its energy inheritance. At present, people in both countries largely subsist on
what William H. Catton calls ‘ghost acres’. These are invisible fields in
far-off places where the food is artificially produced using oil – invisible to
practically everyone who doesn’t want to contemplate them. As energy, the
master resource, becomes less available, so will these ghost acres.
But before that happens we have to go through the next big
financial shock, which could happen any month now. Nobody knows how long
Europe’s politicians and bankers can keep shoving golden eggs down the goose’s
throat, but when those same golden eggs stop appearing at the other end we can
expect our standard of living to start resembling what ordinarily comes out of
a goose’s backside. Many people will suddenly find themselves without the
inclination to carry on and commit voluntary entropy, and some will achieve
this semi-unwittingly with drink and drugs.
More still will end up
shivering/sweating in the cold /heat and a failing medical care infrastructure
will suddenly reverse the increased longevity that we have been led to expect. With social care systems collapsing we can expect to see the elderly
being abandoned (some would argue that is already happening) as it becomes
unaffordable for the system as a whole to look after them. Disease management
systems will similarly be hit by cutbacks and viruses will have a field day.
Hmm, perhaps a bit bleak but this still sounds about right to me (‘commit voluntary
entropy’ – did I really write that?).
Actually, population is the thing that I got the most pushback about, with many
people rightly pointing out that the UK cannot feed itself anything like the
amount of calories it needs just to keep people alive. Still, international
trade isn’t going to dry up overnight and there will be patches of the country
that are better fed than others. As for the elderly being abandoned, that is certainly happening, as my wife (who works in community care) can testify.
In the end, human ecology is all that counts,
but I see plenty of potential for local food production using intensive
organic/biodynamic systems. The UK still has an awful lot of fertile farmland,
and rainfall isn’t a problem. For this to happen though there would need to be
a mass movement back to the land, which can’t currently happen as regular
people are not generally permitted to live on the land and, in any case, the
current attitude is that working with your hands in the soil is only for
idiots. This will change.
Perhaps controversially I finished off on the topic of
resilience and national character. I wrote that, in my view, people in the
UK were of a tougher and more resilient nature than people in Denmark. After
all, in Britain, the common man has suffered 1,000 years of being pushed
around, and is perhaps of a more stoic nature than people used to being
mollycoddled by the government and programmed to be happily conformist from birth. I wrote:
It is my steadfast belief that people
in the UK – or perhaps I should say some people in the UK –
are better prepared mentally and physically than their Danish
equivalents. The Transition Towns movement grew from the UK,
although in reality people have been practicing low impact sustainable living
for decades, and despite the hollowing out of industry many small-scale
artisans still remain below the radar. There is a growing web of food networks,
local currencies and community energy projects and the assumption of many
people in the UK is that they cannot trust the government to deliver vital
services to them. This, ironically, is a strength when compared with
Denmark, where people are less empowered to take over their own livelihoods,
and act timidly when it comes to going against the system. The assumption here
is that the government always has their best interests at heart and that all
solutions come down from the top. Have you ever heard of Occupy
Denmark? No, I thought not.
In the UK there is strong grassroots
opposition to the coalition government and its suicidal plans to build more
roads, airports, nuclear power stations and fracking wells. Overcrowded
Britain, for better or worse, is a country of NIMBYs, making any new capital
project that is perceived to be dangerous or ugly (or both) difficult or downright
impossible.
Whenever disaster strikes we tend to stop
grumbling about one another and pull together to get through it as best as we
can. It takes practice to stiffen that upper lip. We have developed a warped
sense of humour as a safety valve for life’s absurdities and horrors, and
despite decades of media scare stories about the dangers of strangers the
country is still packed to the gunwales with good Samaritans the charitable
folk. Furthermore, there’s a growing sense of reverence for the natural world,
a stirring of the spirit that urges us to protect the Earth in all of its
diversity. Is this part of something bigger? We will have to wait and see on
that one.
I still think this is true – especially the last part. What
I didn’t/couldn’t foresee was the rise in identity politics and the psychic
battleground of Brexit that has done so much to pit friends and neighbours
against one another. It has spread like a wildfire throughout practically every
local group, making it almost impossible for many of them to function. A
terrifying ‘groupthink’ has taken hold where free thought is not allowed and
divergent opinions are treated with intolerance.
The Transition Towns movement never really managed to escape
the confines of its middle-class well-to-do background, even though it launched
some good ideas and practical solutions for our predicament. Most of the people
I know who used to be involved in it now spend their days screaming into echo
chambers on Facebook about how much they dislike capitalism/Donald
Trump/Brexit, while outside their gardens turn to weeds …
So, to conclude, I’m generally pretty satisfied that we made
the move, albeit with some reservations. Society is fraying around us, and the
streets are increasingly filled with drunks, druggies and the shambolic forms
of the homeless. The government and media are unfixable messes, everyone and
everything is in debt, and many people are driving themselves into a state of insanity
with their rigidly fixed political beliefs. Yep, things are in a mess alright.
As I stated at the beginning, I don’t believe there is any
‘perfect’ place to be, and everywhere has its pros and cons. Perhaps it’s even
a fool’s game to think we have any control over our future circumstances given
the chaotic nature of the way things are unravelling as one institution after another is led into the slaughterhouse and the glue that used to hold our societies together becomes unstuck. Still, I’d be interested to hear any thoughts you might
have on the topic and if you have moved somewhere, or are considering it, and why.
In the meantime...
 |
| Always look on the bright side of life |
